Investigators and students-table
| KRISTINA ARTHUR, Early Stage Researcher Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Supervisors | Dr. Frank Peeters |
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| Research interests |
In this project I will focus on three questions: 1). How did the composition of the Agulhas Leakage Fauna change through time? 2). How did the geometry (fronts and SST’s) of the Agulhas Gateway change over glacial-interglacial periods? 3). Are the changes in the gateway geometry and SST related to the leakage intensity? I aim to address these questions through establishing planktic foraminiferal census count records at two critical locations; one below the present day position of the subtropical convergence (if possible I would prefer working on: MD02-2589 Calypso / MD02-2588 Casq), and another in the upstream Agulhas Current. Potentially some additional samples from the previously established records “off Cape Town” (CBR and/or MD96-2080) may have to be studied to improve temporal resolution of these proxy records. Faunal transfer functions and other statistical tools, will be applied to the data to address the questions above. | |
| Contact | kristina.arthur@falw.vu.nl | |
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KERSTIN BRAUN, Early Stage Researcher
Geological Survey of Israel/Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel |
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| Supervisors | Mira Bar-Matthews and Alan Matthews | |
| Reserch interests |
The emphasis of my project is the reconstruction of terrestrial climate using speleothems from southern South Africa. Uranium-thorium series measurements enable the precise dating of the records. From the isotopic and trace element composition of the samples conclusions about the kind of vegetation present in the vicinity of the cave and the source water mass of precipitation falling above it can be drawn. Measurements of the isotopic composition of fluid inclusions and isotopic clumping in the calcite can supply further information about the depositional temperatures. The comparison of records from different climatic zones of South Africa, i.e. the regions dominated by summer or winter rainfall, will help to understand the reactions of the terrestrial environment to glacial/interglacial changes. Additionally, correlations of the terrestrial paleoenvironment with marine records, will establish the link between the two systems and the influence of the Agulhas current on the terrestrial paleoclimate of southern South Africa. Early modern human settlements in some of the caves under investigation add special sociological interest connected to the interrelation between climate change and important steps in the evolution of behaviour (Bar-Matthews et al. 2010). | |
| contact |
kerstin.braun@gsi.gov.il |
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| CAROLINE CLEROUX, Experienced Researcher NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, The Netherlands |
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| Supervisor | Prof. Geert-Jan Brummer |
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I am a Paleoceanographer, I use planktonic foraminifera and geochemical proxies to reconstruct past ocean properties. These past conditions confronted to past climate or forcing, help to understand how the oceans interact with Climate. I am particularly interested in the subsurface of the ocean, this layer at the interface between the deep (thermohaline) ocean and the atmospheric-driven surface ocean. I like to explore unconventional foraminifera species. At NIOZ and within Gateways, I will work with sediment trap material and also extend my research in the physical oceanography field. I am joining the program while a great group is already at work at NIOZ, and I will contribute and collaborate to bring extensive knowledge on the present and past condition upstream the Agulhas Current. |
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| OBADIAS COSSA. Early Stage Researcher University of Cape Town, South Africa |
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| Supervisors | Prof. Chris Reason | |
| Research Interests |
My research is on the paleo climatologic impact of Agulhas Current (AC) on Southern African atmosphere, with focus on the Large Glacial Maximu (LGM). The AC system is the major boundary current system of the Southern Hemisphere Lutjeharms (2006). It has been considered as the key component of the global ocean “ conveyor” circulation (MOC), controlling through leakage, the return flow to the Atlantic Ocean Gordon, (1986). Recent research points out that the AC is intensifying following wind intensification in the South Indian Ocean Lutjeharms, (2007), Rouault et al. (2009). The AC has strong SST gradients Lutjeharms, (2007), and impacts on the summer rainfall in the region, Blamey and Reason (2009). Zahn et al (2010), points out the importance of AC both globallly and regionally, stressing the need to undesrtand the processes that might drive and control the AC. Paleoclimatiogic studies, such as Bard and Rickaby (2009) indicate that northward migration of the Subtropical Front (STF), migh also act as a possible controller of the Agulhas Leakage (valve). Braconnot et al. (2007), quantified the latitudinal shift of the ITCZ and changes in precipitation, during boreal summers of the LGM and mid Holocene, using a set of ocean-atmosphere (-vegetation) OA and OAV models. Thus these ITCZ shifts might affect the regional climate. |
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| Contact | Obadias.Cossa@uct.ac.za | |
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JONATHAN DURGADOO, Early Stage Researcher IFM-GEOMAR, Germany |
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| Supervisors | Dr. Arne Biastoch | |
| Research Interests |
Recent studies suggest a possible link between the Agulhas Current (AC) waters leaking into the Atlantic and strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Sediments cores taken in the Cape Basin indicate that the AC of the past may have also impacted the state of the AMOC. My project will further investigate these hypotheses within a state-of-the-art high-resolution ocean model under paleo conditions. In addition, the impact on North Atlantic deep-water formation will be investigated within an intermediate-resolution coupled climate model. The study aims at providing answers on how the multifarious AC has changed in paleo times and how it affects the Atlantic circulation. | |
| Contact | jdurgadoo@ifm-geomar.de | |
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LUKAS JONKERS, Experienced Researcher Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain |
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| Supervisor | Dr. Rainer Zahn | |
| Research Interests |
Within GATEWAYS my will focus on the northern part of the Agulhas Current near the Natal Bight, as it is here that eddies from the Mozambique Channel first meet the current. These eddies perturb the flow and may thus affect downstream ring shedding and early retroflection. Consequently, any changes in the Natal area may affect the transfer of water from the Indian to the Atlantic Ocean. My aim is to compare (sub)recent and glacial hydrography inferred from various proxies (planktonic foraminiferal 18O and Mg/Ca, near bottom flow speed and volume transport indicators) along a transect of cores across the South African shelf and to link this information with records from further up- and downstream in the Agulhas Current system. | |
| Contact | lukas.jonkers@uab.cat | |
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SEBASTIAN KASPER, Early Satge Researcher NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, The Netherlands |
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| Supervisors | Dr. M.T.J. van der Meer, Prof. Dr. S. Schouten | |
| Reserch interests |
My research interest is focused on the validation and application of compound specific hydrogen isotope analysis as a tool for reconstructing Agulhas Current paleo sea surface salinity variability. Studies showed that the hydrogen isotope ratios of haptophyte algae is linearly related with water salinites (Schouten et al, 2006). This knowledge can be used to estimate paleo sea surface salinities (van der Meer et al., 2007, 2008). By analyzing lipids from surface waters, sediment traps and core top samples from various settings we want to establish a reliable tool that, together with more established biomarker proxies for sea surface temperature can be used to evaluate past Agulhas Current variability.
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| Contact | sebastian.kasper@nioz.nl | |
EMMA KHADUN, Early Stage Researcher Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany |
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| Supervisor | Prof. Dr. Ralph Schneider |
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| Research Interests |
The aim of my project is to reconstruct millennial changes in precipitation and river outflow in the Limpopo River catchment, Southeast Africa, over the Late Quaternary. A multi-proxy approach combining organic biomarker techniques, such as UK’37 and the BIT Index, with geochemical proxies to analyse samples from marine sediment cores located at the mouth of the Limpopo river. Sea surface temperature, salinity and marine nutrient inventories will be estimated using fossil marine organisms and compared to other core locations within the Mozambique Channel. The goal of this project is to link terrestrial and marine environmental change at a regional scale by comparison of lake, marine, ice core and speleothem records. | |
| Contact | edk@gpi.uni-kiel.de |
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BEN LOVEDAY, Early Stage Researcher University of Cape Town, South Africa |
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| Supervisor | Prof. Chris Reason | |
| Research interests |
Initially, basin-wide ‘realistic’ simulations will be constructed to establish the Agulhas variability under modified modern wind fields (Biastoch et al., 2009, Rouault et al., 2009). Further investigation of the wind field shifts under idealised conditions will allow for a more robust analysis of the wind-attributed component of the Agulhas leakage under prescribed paleo-climatic regimes (Sijp and England, 2008). In the latter configuration, a high-resolution nested Agulhas domain will be employed to resolve mesoscale features, enabling a specific focus on the magnitude of inter-ocean leakage, its contributory mechanisms and associated buoyancy transfer. Additionally, investigations into the impacts of changes in thermocline structure and baroclinicity, as induced by glacial maxima, and the effect of the varying transport and density structure of the Indonesian Throughflow will result in a suite of experiments detailing gateway palaeoclimatic dynamics (Lee et al.,2002; Lindsey et al., 2010).
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| Contact | ben.loveday@uct.ac.za | |
| JEROEN van der LUBBE, Early Stage Researcher Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany |
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| Supervisor | Prof. Ralph Schneider | |
| Research Interests |
Geochemical and Lithogenic Provenance Study and Late Quarternary Zambezi Sediment Discharge.
During the GATEWAYS fellowship, Jeroen van der Lubbe will focus on the lithogenic fraction of marine sediment cores in the vicinity of the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. XRF and MS profiles will provide a geological transect across the continental shelf, which will be collaborated by radiocarbon dating. Spatial and temporal patterns in grain-size distribution will be used to infer sediment fluxes and sedimentary processes during the late Quaternary. The provenance of the sediments will be identified using radiogenic isotope signatures such as 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd, elemental concentrations and mineralogical properties. The aim of this study is to unmix sedimentary end-members that can be related to climate in the Zambezi-Limpopo drainage and to marine-induced changes (e.g. sea-level). This work will improve the understanding of continental hydrology and weathering in relation to variability in the Agulhas current system.
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| Contact | jvdl@gpi.uni-kiel.de | |
| KRISTIN ÓLAFSDÓTTIR, Early Stage Researcher Climate Risk Analysis, Germany |
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| Supervisor | Manfred Mudelsee | |
| Research interests |
My project focuses on the tele-connections between the Agulhas current and key climate oscillators. Statistical methods will be developed and adapted on the basis of existing software. The statistical methods will focus first on Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients for correlation analysis. The adaptation consists in taking into account non-normal data distributions and autocorrelation effects. Additional one of the adaptation is calibration of confidence intervals (higher accuracy). The other focus will be on Lomb-Scargle periodogram by adapting existing software for bivariate spectral analysis. Both adaptations require extensive mathematical simulations to make sure the estimated correlation between the Agulhas and possible climate drivers will be as precise and confident as possible. | |
| Contact | olafsdottir@mudelsee.com | |
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Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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| Supervisors | Dr. Rainer Zahn and Dr. Pere Masqué | |
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Research interests
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Marlen Parari´s project focuses on establishing deep water circulation patterns in the past and their relation to variable heat and salt transports to, and across Atlantic. More specifically, the project aims to investigate the potential effects of the Agulhas leakage on to the Meridional Overturning circulation strength, and how its potential impact influenced ocean dynamics and the regional climate in the past.
This will be achieved through a palaeoceanographic approach on the subject, which involves the analysis of suitable sediment core samples acquired at various key locations critical to the project’s aim such as the Brazilian margin, southern Atlantic and western Indian Ocean. The suitability of sediment cores at these locations is currently being explored. A series of different measurement techniques including 231Pa/230Th0 isotope analysis of sediment cores will be used to identify different palaeoclimatic parameters and help identify past ocean circulation patterns in the Atlantic Ocean around the Last Glacial Maximum.
The objectives of this study are:
- To identify past ocean circulation patterns and shifts of the Meridional Overturning Circulation strength that occurred around the LGM in relation to changes in salinity and temperature patterns in the Atlantic Ocean.
- To use the correlations derived from the assessment between ocean circulation changes and salinity and temperature changes, in order to investigate the potential effects of the Agulhas leakage on to the strength of the Meridional Overturning Circulation.
- Evaluate the aptness of the 231Pa/230Th0 analysis techniques for establishing past ocean circulation patterns and to identify possible sources of bias and their potential controls.
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| Contact | marlen.parari@uab.cat | |
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Cardiff University, United Kingdom
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| Supervisor | Dr. Gregor Knorr |
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Research Interests
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It has been proposed that the influence of the Indian-Atlantic warm water exchange route on the Atlantic MOC has been subject to change in the past. In particular, the dynamics of the Agulhas system are largely determined by meridional shifts in the subtropical front. In certain cases Agulhas leakage is suggested to play a key role in gradual and abrupt climate change, while in other cases it does not. My project focuses on the development of model concepts regarding the active-passive influence of Agulhas leakage dynamics on Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), particularly during the past 21 kyr.
By incorporating the COSMOS Earth System Model, a unique ocean grid is utilised to relocate the model's south pole over South Africa, thereby increasing spatial resolution in the Agulhas region and throughout the Atlantic basin. Model runs will be performed and a comparative analysis with paleo proxy-data carried out. Sensitivity studies involving the carbon cycle, solar insolation and freshwater perturbation will then be utilised to investigate the role of the Agulhas system on deglacial millennial scale climate change.
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| Contact | PurcellC@cardiff.ac.uk | |
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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| Supervisor | Dr. Frank Peeters |
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Research interests
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In this project I will focus on the reconstruction of the changes in SST and thermocline during periods of various “modes” of the Agulhas leakage, over T-I and T-II (potentially T-V) from two marine climate archives; one located where the Agulhas waters enter the South Atlantic Ocean, the other further downstream the conveyor belt, in the Western Tropical Atlantic Ocean (core MD09-3246). I will establish d18O and Mg/Ca records for shallow, intermediate and deep dwelling planktic foraminifera, as well as for benthic species. In order to successfully reconstruct “past CTD profiles” it will be necessary to quantify planktic foraminiferal depth habitats. To serve this purpose I’m interested in developing new applications of recent analytical techniques such as ion microprobing and laser ablation. | |
| Contact | pscuss@falw.vu.nl | |
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Cardiff University, United Kingdom
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| Supervisors | Prof. Ian Hall, Dr. Stephen Barker | |
| Research Interests |
The aim of my project is to define the changing pattern of thermal and hydrographic structure of the Natal valley sector of the Agulhas Current over the past 150 ka. High resolution multi-proxy analysis will be undertaken on core material of RRS Charles Darwin Cruise 154 of the intermediate Agulhas Current region in order to provide a detailed record of both deep and surface ocean-climate interaction in the region of the Natal Valley sector. Methodologies will include paired Mg/Ca as well as oxygen isotope measurements in foraminiferal surface dwelling species and thermocline dwellers in order to examine changes in thermocline structure of the upper ocean. Benthic stable carbon and oxygen isotope mesurements combined with the sortable silt mean grain size sedimentology proxy and benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca records are used to show phasing of bottom water changes, linked to NADW production over the past 150 ka. Finally the multi-proxy record generated during this study will be used to link wider evidence of Agulhas leakage variability and changes in the African climate system. |
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| Contact | simonmh@cardiff.ac.uk | |
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Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), The Netherlands
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| Supervisor | Prof. Geert-Jan Brummer |
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Research interests
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My work will focus on planktonic foraminifera, combining species dynamics with shell geochemistry. Most material is from sediment traps that intercept the export fluxes settling out from upstream the Agulhas Current to determine the seasonality and eddy variability in species productivity. Together with some depth stratified plankton tow profiles of the upper 150-800 m, these data will be related to upper ocean parameters taken from shipboard profiles and remote sensing. This information will be used for comparison with the modern sediment distribution of shell species and their geochemistry, including that of benthic foraminifera for the water masses in the deeper counter currents. The final aim is to unravel foraminiferal dynamics for disclosing the past changes in the flow and properties of ocean waters feeding the Agulhas Current. Results will be coupled to organic matter (biomarker) proxies from the same material as analysed by ESR-BGC Sebastian Kasper and integrated with the modern physical oceanography. |
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| Contact | juliane.steinhardt@nioz.nl | |
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University of Cardiff, United Kingdom
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| Supervisors | Prof. Ian Hall |
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Research Interests
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I am a paleoceanographer who is studying marine sediment cores as archives of past climate variability. Applied proxy methods include foraminiferal trace elements and stable isotopes (oxygen, carbon, boron), bulk sediment geochemistry by XRF-scanning, , ice rafted debris and foraminiferal counts. I have a special interest in the climate response to orbital forcing.
Within GATEWAYS one of my aims is the integration of paleoclimate reconstructions with climate modeling results (Data-Model-Integration, DMI). I make use of model experiment results (full hierarchy) to validate proxy interpretations and identify potential hotspot locations, which could be ideal for reconstructions.
Based on the synthesis of paleo-data and derived paleo-concepts, a number of hypotheses will be formulated. These hypotheses will be tested against the existing data-sets and against climate modelling results. Particular attention will be given to the relative temporal phasing between regional (e.g. Leakage) and global signals (e.g. North Atlantic overturning).
Further current research interests include subjects such as the global monsoon variability on millennial to orbital timescales, timing of ice age terminations, origin of glacial North Atlantic cold events, the reconstruction of Plio-Pleistocene atmospheric pCO2 and the use of Bromine XRF scanning counts to reconstruct sea-surface salinity.
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| Contact | zieglerm@cardiff.ac.uk | |
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Geological Survey of Israel, Israel
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| Contact | matthews@gsi.gov.il | |
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IFM-GEOMAR, Germany
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| Contact | abiastoch@ifm-geomar.de | |
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Research interests
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Arne Biastoch is a senior scientist and lecturer at the Leibniz-Institute for Marine Sciences at the Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel. He is a physical oceanographer with a strong interest to use numerical models to research the mesoscale and large-scale ocean circulation and to work interdisciplinary on geosphere
interactions. In GATEWAYS he investigates the variability in the Agulhas system and its effect on the large-scale circulation with paleo-oceanographic focus.
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| GEERT-JAN BRUMMER Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, The Netherlands
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As a marine geoscientist at the NIOZ, I pursue how sediments form on the sea floor, at present and during past climate change. This includes sea-going research on topics such as seasonal particle production by ocean plankton, current transport of bottom sediment and coral carbonate geochemistry in response to changing ocean-climate.
From 1999-2004 I worked on Agulhas Rings in the South Atlantic and since 2003 on Mozambique Channel oceanography, at the source of the Agulhas Current, with a particular interest on the effect of eddies.
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| geert-jan.brummer@nioz.nl | ||
| CHRISTIAN GMUENDER SIMULTEC, Switzerland |
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| Contact | cg@simultec.ch | |
| IAN HALL Cardiff University, United Kingdom |
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Ian is Professor of Palaeoceanography, Deputy Head of School and Director of Postgraduate Research at the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University. His expertise lies in the generation of innovative high-resolution palaeoceaonographic reconstructions. This has been achieved through the development, application and integrated analysis of sedimentary, isotopic and geochemical proxies that quantitatively carry the physical signals of differing components of the climate system, for instance surface ocean conditions (thermal structure, salinity) and the flow speed and hydrography of deep ocean currents, during key periods of past climate change. |
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| Contact | hall@cardiff.ac.uk | |
| ANDY HOQUE L-UP, France |
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Mr. Anamul Hoque, joined L-UP in 2007. He received his BEng (Hons) Degree in Mechanical and Environment Engineering from University of Brighton in 1998. He continued his studies at the French Engineering School, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et Métiers (ENSAM) to obtain his Masters Degree in Total Quality Management in 2000, followed by an IBM training scheme in Information and Communications technologies in 2001. Following various Project Management experiences in various companies (Renault-Nissan, IBM, Michelin, ST Microelectonics), he joined ALMA Consulting Group in the European Project Management team for over five years and reached a senior position before joining
L-UP. He has coordinated over nine projects in FP5 – FP7 programmes, with most recent projects in FP6 being SPICE (IP IST), TELFONA (STREP Aeronautics), ULTMAT (STREP Aeronautics)). In the FP7 he is Project Management Work-Package Leader of the HIRF SE (IP Aeronautics and Air Transport), Project / Commercial Manager in HYSOP (STREP Aeronautics and Air Transport) and Project Manager / Trainer in GATEWAYS and LINC (Marie Curie ITN). He also participates in project proposal and negitiation phases, commercial and marketing at L-UP.
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| andy.hoque@l-up.com | ||
| GREGOR KNORR Alfred Wegner Insitut für Polar and Meeresforschung, Germany |
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| Contact | gregor.Knorr@awi.de | |
| ALAN MATTHEWS Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel |
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| Contact | alan@vms.huji.ac.il | |
| MARCEL van der MEER Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, The Netherlands |
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| Research interests |
Marcel T.J. van der Meer is postdoc at the Marine Organic Biogeochemistr department of the NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research situated on the Wadden Island Texel in The Netherlands. Dr. van der Meer pioneered the use of D of biomarkers as a tool for paleosalinity and was recently awarded with a prestigious early career grant of the Dutch National Science Foundation for a project entiteled “Developing new methods to estimate paleosalinity; understanding the past as key to future climate change”. His research interests are, among others, developing and applying new proxies based on organic molecules and their stable carbon, hydrogen and/or nitrogen isotope ratios for paleoceanographical and paleoclimatological reconstructions. | |
| Contact |
marcel.van.der.meer@nioz.nl | |
| MANFRED MUDELSEE Climate Risk Analysis, Germany |
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| Manfred Mudelsee received his diploma in Physics from the University of Heidelberg and his doctoral degree in Geology from the University of Kiel. He was then postdoc in Statistics at the University of Kent at Canterbury, research scientist in Meteorology at the University of Leipzig and visiting scholar in Earth Sciences at Boston University; currently he does climate research at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven. His science focuses on climate extremes, time series analysis and mathematical simulation methods. He has authored over 50 peer-reviewed articles. In his 2003 Nature paper, Mudelsee introduced the bootstrap method to flood risk analysis. In 2005, he founded the company Climate Risk Analysis. |
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| Contact | mudelsee@mudelsee.com | |
| FRANK PEETERS Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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| Research interests | ||
| Contact | frank.peeters@falw.vu.nl | |
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University of Cape Town, South Africa |
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| Contact | Chris.Reason@uct.ac.za | |
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Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
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| Contact | schneider@gpi.uni-kiel.de | |
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Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, The Netherlands |
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| Research interests |
My main research interest is the organic biogeochemistry of marine sediments, i.e. the reconstruction of present and past microbial communities, biosynthetic pathways, biogeochemical cycles, environments and climates by structural and stable isotopic analysis of organic compounds in micro-organisms, marine waters and sediments. In GATEWAYS we will be developing and applying deuterium isotopes as a tool for salinity reconstructions. |
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| Contact | Stefan.Schouten@nioz.nl | |
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MARUM, University of Bremen, Germany |
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| Contact | mschulz@uni-bremen.de | |
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Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain |
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Research interests |
Rainer Zahn holds MSc and PhD degrees in Marine Geology from the University of Kiel in Germany. Following post-doctoral affiliations at Oregon State University, USA, and the University of British Columbia, Canada, he moved to an Assistant Professorship at the GEOMAR Research Center in Kiel, Germany, where he obtained his Habilitation and Venia Legendi in1999. Subsequently he was Full Professor in Marine Geosciences at Cardiff University, UK. In 2002 he settled in Barcelona. The focus of his research is on the connection between ocean and climate. His current research activities centre on the ocean currents around Africa, in particular the water transport from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic. The inter-ocean water transport influences the Atlantic circulation and, notably, the Gulf Stream that sets climate in Europe. This research ultimately aims to understand how the ocean circulation in the southern hemisphere influence climate in the North Atlantic region and Europe. He pursues these research lines in collaboration with oceanographers, climate modellers and marine paleoclimatologists in Israel, UK, Germany, US and South Africa. He is Coordinator of the GATEWAYS project is Principle Investigator in an European Collaborative Project that both focus on the ocean-climate interconnection. With palaeo-anthropologists he explores the linking between the marine climatology of the Southwest Indian Ocean and its influences on the continental climate in southern Africa in the past, and how the ocean-climate connection has contributed to the evolution of modern humans in the Cape region of South Africa about 400,000 years ago. Rainer sits on international scientific committees and is at sea regularly with the international fleet of oceanographic research vessels. He is editor of the science journal Paleoceanography published by the American Geophysical Union in Washington. |
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| Contact | rainer.zahn@uab.cat | |